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Name of the Disease
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Causal Agent
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Nature of Disease & Damage Symptoms
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Disease Management
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Bud Rot Disease
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Fungi Phytoptera palmivora
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Palms of age 3-45 years
particularly susceptible to this disease and the high humidity is most
favorable to fast spreading of the disease.
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The disease is often seen in
river banks subject to flooding.
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Shady condition is facilitate
to well growth of fungi.
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This disease is not
widespread but occasionally in the wet and intermediate zones minor epidemics
have been recorded.
Symptoms
In, affected palms initially
the spear leaf lose its luster and wither. Wilting symptoms gradually spread
to adjacent leaves.
Withered frauds turn brown and dry while the lower ponds remain healthy and green. In the severe stage. The spear leaf can be easily pulled out and will give foul odour. |
In an advanced stage of the
disease, the crown should be cut and burnt to destroy the fungus.
If bud rot is detected early the bud region – thoroughly wetter with brodeaux mixture or 1% copper fungicide solution. When older bearing palms are affected it is possible to keep the bunches until the nuts are matured. However, it is important to wet the bud region with recommended chemical to kill the fungus. Prevention methods. It is very difficult to cure an affective palms but prevention of the spread of disease is possible. When the brodeaux mixture or copper fungicide is used the bud regions of the healthy palms should be thoroughly wetted once in 2-3 weeks. Place the fungicides Bag This application is more convenient and is prepared as follows. 1.Take a place of gunny 15 units square. 2.Place a handful of coir dust on this piece and tie up to make a small bag. 3.Leave the bags overnight 1% copper fungicide solution 4.Dry the bags for few hours or following morning. 5.Place one bag in the axil, the younger leaf. 6.Check the bag monthly and shift to the base of the newly emerged spear leaf. Bordeaux mixture Bordeaux mixture is prepared as follows (use earthenware vessels) Copper sulphate - 200 g Quick Lime - 200 g Water – 25 liter. 1 Dissolve copper sulphate overnight in 5 liters of water (suspend in a bag to facilitate dissolving) Suspend lime separately in 20 liters of water and strain through a fire cloth. Add the copper ulphate to the lime stirring vigorously use immediately after preparation. |
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Stem Bleeding
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Ceratocystis Paradoxa
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This disease common in every coconut growing area and it can
occur due to several areas
Symptoms Oozing out of reddish brown coloured liquid from the longitudinal cracks on the bark Bleeding points turn brown and finally to black colour. The tissues beneath the bleeding point turn yellow and decay to a brown fibrous mas. Adjacent bleeding points coalesce beneath the bark and form large decayed areas. Other causes for stem bleeding.
1.
Infestation of the ganodemn
fungi. Due to this infestation can be seen based stem bleeding.
2.
Bleeding can occur as a
result of lightening. Lightening can be easily identified in the presence of
the cluster of palms with broken fronds.
3.
Usage of high doze of
fertilizer
4.
Flooding
5.
Water fluctuation
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Affected tissues should be
removed with little health6y tissues and wound should be treated with
Bordeaux paste or 1% copper fungicide solution
In the case of lightening damage an oblige should be cut into the trunk to facilitate draining out of fluid collected. Later these holes should be closed with cement mixture. |
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Leaf blight disease
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Pestalozzia palmarom /
Bipolaris incurvata |
Primary stage of the disease
the yellowish brown tiny spots appear on the leaflets.
These spots gradually enlarge
and turn grey and the peripheral areas of spots become dark brown.
As the advance stage the
patches coalesce to form large brown areas and leaflets appear dried
The symptoms are predominant
on the lower fronds.
Seedlings and young palms are
highly susceptible to leaf blight disease. Dry whether, excessive
nitrogen and water logging conditions are well favorable to spreading the
disease.
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Leaf blight disease is not
serious to older palms but out breaks in seedlings and young palms can cause
damage to foliage resulting growth, retardation.
As leaf blight appears in weak or neglected palms should be apply normal fertilizer dosages. If the disease appears in fertilized land an additional dose of Muriate of Potash (or Ash should be applied at the following rates) |
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Ganoderma
Disease (Soil borne disease)
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Ganoderma Disease (Soil borne
disease)
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This disease is particularly
prevalent in Southern Province. Incidence of the disease is high in areas
close to water bodies with fluctuating water table and irrigation canals rich
in plant nutrients
The fungus attacks the root system and bare region of bearing
palms.
Initially oozing out of a
reddish brown thick liquid from longitudinal cracks on the bark near the base
of the stem.
As the disease advances
yellowing and droping of lower fronds, tapering of trunk and reduced crown
and finally fruiting bodies (brackets) appear at the base of stem.
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Removed of palms in advanced
stages along with the bole
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